As a tool for solving the Neumann problem for divergence-form equations, Kenig and Pipher introduced the space ${\mathcal{X}}$ of functions on the half-space, such that the non-tangential maximal function of their$L$_{2}Whitney averages belongs to$L$_{2}on the boundary. In this paper, answering questions which arose from recent studies of boundary value problems by Auscher and the second author, we find the pre-dual of ${\mathcal{X}}$ , and characterize the pointwise multipliers from ${\mathcal{X}}$ to$L$_{2}on the half-space as the well-known Carleson-type space of functions introduced by Dahlberg. We also extend these results to$L$_{$p$}generalizations of the space ${\mathcal{X}}$ . Our results elaborate on the well-known duality between Carleson measures and non-tangential maximal functions.

This paper is concerned with the derivation and analysis of hydrodynamic models for systems of self-propelled particles subject to alignment interaction and attraction-repulsion. The starting point is the kinetic model considered in earlier work of Degond & Motsch with the addition of an attraction-repulsion interaction potential. Introducing different scalings than in Degond & Motsch, the non-local effects of the alignment and attraction-repulsion interactions can be kept in the hydrodynamic limit and result in extra pressure, viscosity terms and capillary force. The systems are shown to be symmetrizable hyperbolic systems with viscosity terms. A local-in-time existence result is proved in the 2D case for the viscous model and in the 3D case for the inviscid model. The proof relies on the energy method.

We consider the Cauchy problem for a second order weakly hyperbolic equation, with coefficients depending only on the time variable. We prove that if the coefficients of the equation belong to the Gevrey class $\gamma^{s_{0}}$ and the Cauchy data belong to $\gamma^{s_{1}}$ , then the Cauchy problem has a solution in $\gamma^{s_{0}}([0,T^{*}];\gamma^{s_{1}}(\mathbb{R}))$ for some$T$^{*}>0, provided 1≤$s$_{1}≤2−1/$s$_{0}. If the equation is strictly hyperbolic, we may replace the previous condition by 1≤$s$_{1}≤$s$_{0}.

Motivated by a phenomenon of phase transition in a model of alignment of self-propelled particles, we obtain a kinetic mean-field equation which is nothing else than the Doi equation (also called Smoluchowski equation) with dipolar potential. In a self-contained article, using only basic tools, we analyze the dynamics of this equation in any dimension. We first prove global well-posedness of this equation, starting with an initial condition in any Sobolev space. We then compute all possible steady-states. There is a threshold for the noise parameter: over this threshold, the only equilibrium is the uniform distribution, and under this threshold, there is also a family of non-isotropic equilibria. We give a rigorous prove of convergence of the solution to a steady-state as time goes to infinity. In particular we show that in the supercritical case, the only initial conditions leading to the uniform distribution in large time are those with vanishing momentum. For any positive value of the noise parameter, and any initial condition, we give rates of convergence towards equilibrium, exponentially for both supercritical and subcritical cases and algebraically for the critical case.

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