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We propose a general method that parameterizes general surfaces with complex (possible branching) topology using Riemann surface structure. Rather than evolve the surface geometry to a plane or sphere, we instead use the fact that all orientable surfaces are Riemann surfaces and admit conformal structures, which induce special curvilinear coordinate systems on the surfaces. We can then automatically partition the surface using a critical graph that connects zero points in the global conformal structure on the surface. The trajectories of iso-parametric curves canonically partition a surface into patches. Each of these patches is either a topological disk or a cylinder and can be conformally mapped to a parallelogram by integrating a holomorphic I-form defined on the surface. The resulting surface subdivision and the parameterizations of the components are intrinsic and stable. For surfaces with similar topology

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We give a proof of the Hard Lefschetz Theorem for orbifolds that does not involve intersection homology. We use a foliated version of the Hard Lefschetz Theorem due to El Kacimi.

Given an open book decomposition (Σ,τ) of a three manifold Y , Thurston and Winkelnkemper [TW] construct a specific contact form a on Y . Given a spin-c Dirac operator D on Y , the contact form naturally associates a one parameter family of Dirac operators Dr = D− ir 2 cl(a) for r ≥ 0. When r >> 1, we prove that the spectrum of Dr = D0 − ir 2 cl(a) within [−1 2r 1 2 , 1 2r 1 2 ] are almost uniformly distributed. With the result in Part I [Ts1], it implies that the subleading order term of the spectral flow from D0 to Dr is of order r(logr) 9 2 . Besides the interests of the spectral flow, the method of this paper provide a tool to analyze the Dirac operator on an open book decomposition.