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Many years ago, SY Cheng, P. Li and myself [1] gave an estimate of the heat kernel for the Laplacian. This was later improved by P. Li and myself in [2]. The key point of this later paper was a parabolic Harnack inequality that generalized an elliptic Harnack inequality that I developed more than twenty years ago.

In this article we show that for every finite area hyperbolic surface X of type (g,n) and any harmonic Beltrami differential μ on X , then the magnitude of μ at any point of small injectivity radius is uniform bounded from above by the ratio of the Weil–Petersson norm of μ over the square root of the systole of X up to a uniform positive constant multiplication. We apply the uniform bound above to show that the Weil–Petersson Ricci curvature, restricted at any hyperbolic surface of short systole in the moduli space, is uniformly bounded from below by the negative reciprocal of the systole up to a uniform positive constant multiplication. As an application, we show that the average total Weil–Petersson scalar curvature over the moduli space is uniformly comparable to -g as the genus g goes to infinity.

Motivated by new explicit positive Ricci curvature metrics on the four-sphere which are also Einstein-Weyl, we show that the dimension of the Einstein-Weyl moduli near certain Einstein metrics is bounded by the rank of the isometry group and that any Weyl manifold can be embedded as a hypersurface with prescribed second fundamental form in some Einstein-Weyl space. Closed four-dimensional Einstein-Weyl manifolds are proved to be absolute minima of the L²-norm of the curvature of Weyl manifolds and a local version of the Lafontaine inequality is obtained. The above metrics on the four-sphere are shown to contain minimal hypersurfaces isometric to S¹S² whose second fundamental form has constant length.

For any n-dimensional smooth manifold $\Sigma$, we show that all the singularities of the mean curvature flow with any initial mean convex hypersurface in $\Sigma$ are cylindrical (of convex type) if the flow converges to a smooth hypersurface $M_\infty$ (maybe empty) at infinity. Previously this was shown (i) for n$\leq$7, and (ii) for arbitrary n up to the first singular time without the smooth condition on $M_\infty$.