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We derive a gradient estimate for positive functions, in particular for positive solutions to the heat equation, on finite or locally finite graphs. Unlike the well known Li-Yau estimate, which is based on the maximum principle, our estimate follows from the graph structure of the gradient form and the Laplacian operator. Though our assumption on graphs is slightly stronger than that of Bauer et al. (J Differ Geom 99:359–405, 2015), our estimate can be easily applied to nonlinear differential equations, as well as differential inequalities. As applications, we estimate the greatest lower bound of Cheng’s eigenvalue and an upper bound of the minimal heat kernel, which is recently studied by Bauer et al. (Preprint, 2015) by the Li-Yau estimate. Moreover, generalizing an earlier result of Lin and Yau (Math Res Lett 17:343–356, 2010), we derive a lower bound of nonzero eigenvalues by our gradient estimate.

In this article, we define a new class of middle dimensional submanifolds of a Hyperkahler manifold which contains the class of complex Lagrangian submanifolds, and show that this larger class is invariant under the mean curvature flow. Along the flow, the complex phase map satisfies the generalized harmonic map heat equation, tt is also related to the mean curvature vector via a first order differential equation. Moreover, we proved a result on nonexistence of Type I singularity.

We prove that the first Chern form of the moduli space of polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds, with the Hodge metric or the Weil-Petersson metric, represent the first Chern class of the canonical extensions of the tangent bundle to the compactification of the moduli space with normal crossing divisors.

In this paper we introduce the interpolationdegeneration strategy to study KhlerEinstein metrics on a smooth Fano manifold with cone singularities along a smooth divisor that is proportional to the anti-canonical divisor. By interpolation we show the angles in (0, 2] that admit a conical KhlerEinstein metric form a connected interval, and by degeneration we determine the boundary of the interval in some important cases. As a first application, we show that there exists a KhlerEinstein metric on P 2 with cone singularity along a smooth conic (degree 2) curve if and only if the angle is in (/2, 2]. When the angle is 2/3 this proves the existence of a SasakiEinstein metric on the link of a three dimensional <i>A</i> ₂ singularity, and thus answers a question posed by GauntlettMartelliSparksYau. As a second application we prove a version of Donaldsons conjecture about conical Khler