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We formulate the Riemannian calculus of the probability set embedded with L^2-Wasserstein metric. This is an initial work of transport information geometry. Our investigation starts with the probability simplex (probability manifold) supported on vertices of a finite graph. The main idea is to embed the probability manifold as a submanifold of the positive measure space with a nonlinear metric tensor. Here the nonlinearity comes from the linear weighted Laplacian operator. By this viewpoint, we establish torsion-free Christoffel symbols, Levi-Civita connections, curvature tensors, and volume forms in the probability manifold by Euclidean coordinates. As a consequence, the Jacobi equation, Laplace-Beltrami and Hessian operators on the probability manifold are derived. These geometric computations are also provided in the infinite-dimensional density space (density manifold) supported on a finite-dimensional manifold. In particular, an identity is given connecting the Baker-{É}mery Γ2 operator (carr{é} du champ it{é}r{é}) by connecting Fisher-Rao information metric and optimal transport metric. Several examples are demonstrated.

In analogy with the classical Minkowski problem, necessary and sufficient conditions are given to assure that a given measure on the unit sphere is the cone-volume measure of the unit ball of a finite dimensional Banach space.

Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold, π : \tilde{M} → M be the universal covering and ω be a smooth 2-form on M with π^∗ω cohomologous to zero. Suppose the fundamental group π_1(M) satisfies certain radial quadratic (resp. linear) isoperimetric inequality, we show that there exists a smooth 1-form η on \tilde{M} of linear (resp. bounded) growth such that π^∗ω = dη. As applications, we prove that on a compact Kahler manifold (M,ω) with π^∗ω cohomologous to zero, if π_1(M) is CAT(0) or automatic (resp. hyperbolic), then M is Kahler non-elliptic (resp. Kahler hyperbolic) and the Euler characteristic (−1)^{dim_RM/2χ(M) ≥ 0 (resp. >0).

In [10], R. Hamilton established a differential Harnack inequality for solutions to the Ricci flow with nonnegative curvature operator. We show that this inequality holds under the weaker condition that M × R2 has nonnegative isotropic curvature.