In this paper, we classify n-dimensional (n ≥ 3) complete non-compact locally conformally flat gradient steady solitons. In particular, we prove that a complete noncompact nonflat locally conformally flat gradient steady Ricci soliton is, up to scaling, the Bryant soliton.

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We define the notion of a Ricci curvature lower bound for parametrized statistical models. Following the seminal ideas of Lott–Sturm–Villani, we define this notion based on the geodesic convexity of the Kullback–Leibler divergence in a Wasserstein statistical manifold, that is, a manifold of probability distributions endowed with a Wasserstein metric tensor structure. Within these definitions, which are based on Fisher information matrix and Wasserstein Christoffel symbols, the Ricci curvature is related to both, information geometry and Wasserstein geometry. These definitions allow us to formulate bounds on the convergence rate of Wasserstein gradient flows and information functional inequalities in parameter space. We discuss examples of Ricci curvature lower bounds and convergence rates in exponential family models.

In this paper, we proved the mass angular momentum inequality\cite{D1}\cite{ChrusLiWe}\cite{SZ} for axisymmetric, asymptotically flat, vacuum constraint data sets with small trace. Given an initial data set with small trace, we construct a boost evolution spacetime of the Einstein vacuum equations as \cite{ChOM}. Then a perturbation method is used to solve the maximal surface equation in the spacetime under certain growing condition at infinity. When the initial data set is axisymmetric, we get an axisymmetric maximal graph with the same ADM mass and angular momentum as the given data. The inequality follows from the known results\cite{D1}\cite{ChrusLiWe}\cite{SZ} about the maximal graph.

We determine a global structure of the moduli space of self-dual metrics on 3CP2 satisfying the following three properties: (i) the scalar curvature is of positive type, (ii) they admit a non-trivial Killing field, (iii) they are not conformal to the LeBrun’s self- dual metrics based on the ‘hyperbolic ansatz’. We prove that the moduli space of these metrics is isomorphic to an orbifold R3/G, where G is an involution of R3 having two-dimensional fixed locus. In particular, the moduli space is non-empty and connected. We also remark that Joyce’s self-dual metrics with torus symmetry appear as a limit of our self-dual metrics. Our proof of the result is based on the twistor theory. We first determine a defining equation of a projective model of the twistor space of the metric, and then prove that the projective model is always birational to a twistor space, by determining the family of twistor lines. In determining them, a key role is played by a classical result in algebraic geometry that a smooth plane quartic always possesses twenty-eight bitangents.