For two-sided topological Markov chains, we show that the set of points for which the two-sided Birkhoff averages of a continuous function diverge is residual. We also show that the set of points for which the Birkhoff averages have a given set of accumulation points other than a singleton is residual. A nontrivial consequence of our results is that the set of points for which the local entropies of an invariant measure on a locally maximal hyperbolic set does not exist is residual. This strongly contrasts to the Shannon–McMillan–Breiman theorem in the context of ergodic theory, which says that local entropies exist on a full measure set.

We study the two main types of trajectories of the ABC ow in the near-integrable regime: spiral orbits and edge orbits. The former are helical orbits which are perturbations of similar orbits that exist in the integrable regime, while the latter exist only in the non-integrable regime. We prove existence of ballistic (i.e., linearly growing) spiral orbits by using the contraction mapping principle in the Hamiltonian formulation, and we also nd and analyze ballistic edge orbits. We discuss the relationship of existence of these orbits with questions concerning front propagation in the presence of ows, in particular, the question of linear (i.e., maximal possible) front speed enhancement rate for ABC ows.

We give an example of a dominant rational self-map of the projective plane whose dynamical degree is a transcendental number.

We consider densities $D_\Sigma(A)$, $\overline{D}_\Sigma(A)$ and $\underline{D}_\Sigma(A)$ for a subset $A$ of $\mathbb{N}$ with respect to a sequence $\Sigma$ of finite subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ and study Fourier coefficients of ergodic, weakly mixing and strongly mixing $\times p$-invariant measures on the unit circle $\mathbb{T}$. Combining these, we prove the following measure rigidity results: on $\mathbb{T}$, the Lebesgue measure is the only non-atomic $\times p$-invariant measure satisfying one of the following: (1) $\mu$ is ergodic and there exist a F\o lner sequence $\Sigma$ in $\mathbb{N}$ and a nonzero integer $l$ such that $\mu$ is $\times (p^j+l)$-invariant for all $j$ in a subset $A$ of $\mathbb{N}$ with $D_\Sigma(A)=1$; (2) $\mu$ is weakly mixing and there exist a F\o lner sequence $\Sigma$ in $\mathbb{N}$ and a nonzero integer $l$ such that $\mu$ is $\times (p^j+l)$-invariant for all $j$ in a subset $A$ of $\mathbb{N}$ with $\overline{D}_\Sigma(A)>0$; (3) $\mu$ is strongly mixing and there exists a nonzero integer $l$ such that $\mu$ is $\times (p^j+l)$-invariant for infinitely many $j$. Moreover, a $\times p$-invariant measure satisfying (2) or (3) is either a Dirac measure or the Lebesgue measure. As an application we prove that for every increasing function $\tau$ defined on positive integers with $\lim_{n\to\infty}\tau(n)=\infty$, there exists a multiplicative semigroup $S_\tau$ of $\mathbb{Z}^+$ containing $p$ such that $|S_\tau\cap[1,n]|\leq (\log_p n)^{\tau(n)}$ and the Lebesgue measure is the only non-atomic ergodic $\times p$-invariant measure which is $\times q$-invariant for all $q$ in $S_\tau$.

In this paper, we prove that the ODE system, $ \dot{x}=sinz+cosy$ $ \dot{y}=sinx+cosz$ $ \dot{z}=siny+cosx$ whose right-hand side is the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) flow with parameters A = B = C = 1, has periodic orbits on $(2 \pi T)^3$ with rotation vectors parallel to (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), and (0, 0, 1). An application of this result is that the well-known G-equation model for turbulent combustion with this ABC flow on $R^3$ has a linear (i.e., maximal possible) flame speed enhancement rate as the amplitude of the flow grows.