In this sequel to [L-Y1],[LLSY], and [L-Y2](respectively arXiv: 0709.1515 [math. AG], arXiv: 0809.2121 [math. AG], and arXiv: 0901.0342 [math. AG]), we study a D-brane probe on a conifold from the viewpoint of the Azumaya structure on D-branes and toric geometry. The details of how deformations and resolutions of the standard toric conifold Y can be obtained via morphisms from Azumaya points are given. This should be compared with the quantum-field-theoretic/D-brany picture of deformations and resolutions of a conifold via a D-brane probe sitting at the conifold singularity in the work of Klebanov and Witten [KW](arXiv: hep-th/9807080) and Klebanov and Strasser [KS](arXiv: hep-th/0007191). A comparison with resolutions via noncommutative desingularizations is given in the end.

We explore the tunneling behavior of a quantum particle on a finite graph in the presence of an asymptotically large potential with two or three potential wells. The behavior of the particle is primarily governed by the local spectral symmetry of the graph around the wells. In the case of two wells the behavior is stable in the sense that it can be predicted from a sufficiently large neighborhood of the wells. However in the case of three wells we are able to exhibit examples where the tunneling behavior can be changed significantly by perturbing the graph arbitrarily far from the wells.

New heterotic torsional geometries are constructed as orbifolds of T^ 2 bundles over K3. The discrete symmetries considered can be freely-acting or have fixed points and/or fixed curves. We give explicit constructions when the base K3 is Kummer or algebraic. The orbifold geometries can preserve N= 1, 2 supersymmetry in four dimensions or be non-supersymmetric.

Let : (M1) (M2) be a bijection (not assumed affine nor continuous) between the sets of normal states of two quantum systems, modelled on the self-adjoint parts of von Neumann algebras M1 and M2, respectively. This paper concerns with the situation when preserves (or partially preserves) one of the following three notions of transition probability on the normal state spaces: the transition probability PU introduced by Uhlmann [Rep. Math. Phys. 9, 273-279 (1976)], the transition probability PR introduced by Raggio [Lett. Math. Phys. 6, 233-236 (1982)], and an asymmetric transition probability P0 (as introduced in this article). It is shown that the two systems are isomorphic, i.e., M1 and M2 are Jordan -isomorphic, if preserves all pairs with zero Uhlmann (respectively, Raggio or asymmetric) transition probability, in the sense that for any normal states and , we have P(),()=0 if and only if P(,

Based on examples from superstring/D-brane theory since the work of Douglas and Moore on resolution of singularities of a superstring target-space Y via a D-brane probe, the richness and the complexity of the stack of punctual D0-branes on a variety, and as a guiding question, we lay down a conjecture that any resolution Y of a variety Y over Y can be factored through an embedding of Y into the stack Y of punctual D0-branes of rank Y on Y for Y in Y , where Y depends on the germ of singularities of Y . We prove that this conjecture holds for the resolution Y of a reduced singular curve Y over Y . In string-theoretical language, this says that the resolution Y of a singular curve Y always arises from an appropriate D0-brane aggregation on Y and that the rank of the Chan-Paton module of the D0-branes involved can be chosen to be arbitrarily large.