Motivated by a recent application of quantum graphs to model the anomalous Hall effect we discuss quantum graphs the vertices of which exhibit a preferred orientation. We describe an example of such a vertex coupling and analyze the corresponding band spectra of lattices with square and hexagonal elementary cells showing that they depend heavily on the network topology, in particular, on the degrees of the vertices involved.

The paper discusses quantum graphs with a vertex coupling which interpolates between the common one of the type and a coupling introduced recently by two of the authors which exhibits a preferred orientation. Describing the interpolation family in terms of circulant matrices, we analyze the spectral and scattering property of such vertices, and investigate the band spectrum of the corresponding square lattice graph.

We study deformations of maximally supersymmetric gauge theories by higher dimensional operators in various spacetime dimensions. We classify infinitesimal deformations that preserve all 16 supersymmetries, while allowing the possibility of breaking either Lorentz or R-symmetry, using an on-shell algebraic method developed by Movshev and Schwarz. We also consider the problem of extending the deformation beyond the first order.

We analyze spectrum of Laplacian supported by a periodic honeycomb lattice with generally unequal edge lengths and a <i></i> type coupling in the vertices. Such a quantum graph has nonempty point spectrum with compactly supported eigenfunctions provided all the edge lengths are commensurate. We derive conditions determining the continuous spectral component and show that existence of gaps may depend on number-theoretic properties of edge lengths ratios. The case when two of the three lengths coincide is discussed in detail.

We give a topological simulation for tensor networks that we call the two-string model. In this approach we give a new way to design protocols, and we discover a new multipartite quantum communication protocol. We introduce the notion of topologically compressed transformations. Our new protocol can implement multiple, non-local compressed transformations among multi-parties using one multipartite resource state.

We propose definitions of quasilocal energy and momentum surface energy of a spacelike 2-surface with positive intrinsic curvature in a spacetime. Our definitions do not depend on the compact spacelike hypersurface it bounds. We show that the quasilocal energy of the boundary of a compact spacelike hypersurface which satisfies the local energy condition is strictly positive unless the spacetime is flat along the spacelike hypersurface.

We give a lower estimate of the gap of the first two eigenvalues of the Schrodinger operator in the case when the potential is strongly convex. In particular, if the Hessian of the potential is bounded from below by a positive constant, the gap has a lower bound independent of the dimension. We also estimate the gap when the potential is not necessarily convex.

Motivated by the important work of Brown and York on quasilocal energy, we propose definitions of quasilocal energy and momentum surface energy of a spacelike 2-surface with a positive intrinsic curvature in a spacetime. We show that the quasilocal energy of the boundary of a compact spacelike hypersurface which satisfies the local energy condition is strictly positive unless the spacetime is flat along the spacelike hypersurface.

Weyl points are degenerate points on the spectral bands at which energy bands intersect conically. They are the origins of many novel physical phenomena and have attracted much attention recently. In this paper, we investigate the existence of such points in the spectrum of the 3-dimensional Schrödinger operator H=−Δ+V(x) with V(x) being in a large class of periodic potentials. Specifically, we give very general conditions on the potentials which ensure the existence of 3-fold Weyl points on the associated energy bands. Different from 2-dimensional honeycomb structures which possess Dirac points where two adjacent band surfaces touch each other conically, the 3-fold Weyl points are conically intersection points of two energy bands with an extra band sandwiched in between. To ensure the 3-fold and 3-dimensional conical structures, more delicate, new symmetries are required. As a consequence, new techniques combining more symmetries are used to justify the existence of such conical points under the conditions proposed. This paper provides comprehensive proof of such 3-fold Weyl points. In particular, the role of each symmetry endowed to the potential is carefully analyzed. Our proof extends the analysis on the conical spectral points to a higher dimension and higher multiplicities. We also provide some numerical simulations on typical potentials to demonstrate our analysis.

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