A vast class of exponential functions are shown to be deterministic. This class includes functions whose exponents are polynomial-like or ``piece-wise'' close to polynomials after differentiation. Many of these functions are proved to be disjoint from the M\"obius function.

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The study of the present paper is inspired by Gangl, Kaneko and Zagier's result of the connection with double zeta values and modular forms. We introduce double Eisenstein series $E_{r,s}$ in positive characteristic with double zeta values $\zeta_A(r,s)$ as their constant term and compute the t-expansions of the double Eisenstein series. Moreover, we derive the shuffle relations of double Eisenstein series which match the shuffle relations of double zeta values in \cite{Huei2015}.

We study the general problem of equidistribution of expanding translates of an analytic curve by an algebraic diagonal flow on the homogeneous space of a semisimple algebraic group G. We define two families of algebraic subvarieties of the associated partial flag variety, which give the obstructions to non-divergence and equidistribution. We apply this to prove that for Lebesgue almost every point on an analytic curve in the space of m × n real matrices whose image is not contained in any subvariety coming from these two families, Dirichlet’s theorem on simultaneous Diophantine approximation cannot be improved. The proof combines geometric invariant theory, Ratner’s theorem on measure rigidity for unipotent flows, and linearization technique.