In this paper we extend and deepen a shortlist for the 37th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and propose the Frog Leap Commute Theorem and the Queue Polynomial. We explore the problem from the following aspects: (1) Make use of semi-invariants and propose the Frog Leap Commute Theorem. (2) Make extensions regarding frogs leaping to opposite directions on a straight line. (3) Research frogs leaping to the same direction on a straight line and solve the minimum number of frogs satisfying an infinite leap. (4) Extend the problem to leaps on a plane or in space. (5) Research and extend problems regarding frogs leaping on a circle. (6) Estimate the function c(n) and calculate the order of the function.

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This article applies functional knowledge and computer software to describe the relation between people distribution and evacuation efficency and safety in high-rise buildings.The people distribution contains two parts:the allocation of people in different storeys and the distribution of people in a certain storey. Through this mathematical model,we attempt to find the optimum plan of people distribution and use it to guide the distribution of different functional areas in high-rise buildings.

Starting from the roots of the equation 3^x + 4^x = 5^x discussed in the Tenth Grade, we utilized the method, the algebraic extension of the rational number eld, to produce the ways to judge whether the roots of the basic exponential equation with a form as a^x+b^x = c^x are rational or not. For equations with more than two terms on the left side, as is the equation a_1^x+a_2^x+
···

+a_n^x = d^x, the determination of whether the root was irrational was comparatively dicult.Therefore, we provided a prevalent method for the examination of the root of a three-term equation as well as a conclusion that if the equation doesn't have integer roots, the roots won't be a rational number with a denominator of two. Finally, based on the method, the algebraic extension of the rational number eld, we concluded that under special occasions, the root of the equation can't be some rational numbers with certain denominators.

According to Van der Waerden, the sum of two natural numbers is defined as &x*1=x& &x*y^+= x*y+x& (for every x and every y) The product of two natural numbers is recursively defined as &x*1=x& &x*y^+= x*y+x& (for every x and every y) x^+ ( y^+ ) here means the successor(consequent) of x( y) in the set of natural numbers.