Recent studies have shown that the entropy production rate for the master equation consists of two nonnegative terms: the adiabatic and non-adiabatic parts, where the non-adiabatic part is also known as the dissipation rate of a Boltzmann-Shannon relative entropy. In this paper, we provide some nonzero lower bounds for the relative entropy, the entropy production rate, and its adiabatic and non-adiabatic parts. These nonzero lower bounds not only reveal some novel dissipative properties for general nonequilibrium processes which are much stronger than the second law of thermodynamics, but also impose some new constraints on thermodynamic constitutive relations. Moreover, we also provide a mathematical application of these nonzero lower bounds by studying the long-time behavior of the master equation. Extensions to the Tsallis statistics are also discussed, including the nonzero lower bounds for the Tsallis-type relative entropy and its dissipation rate.

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Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging enables people to see a hidden scene based on multiple interaction information between the object and the carrier. There have been numerous studies focusing on the physical modeling of photon scattering, but few have explored the detection process, which also plays a vital role. In this paper, we put forward a novel, to the best of our knowledge, detection methodology for NLOS imaging based on time-sequential first photon (TSFP) data. We verify the method with both synthetic and experimental data, showing a dramatic reduction in acquisition time cost compared with traditional methods for the same reconstruction quality. This work may contribute to real-time and photon-starved NLOS imaging for practical applications.

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No abstract uploaded!