First we define the dyadic Hardy space$H$_{$X$}$(d)$for an arbitrary rearrangement invariant space$X$on [0, 1]. We remark that previously only a definition of$H$_{$X$}$(d)$for$X$with the upper Boyd index$q$_{$x$}<∞ was available. Then we get a natural description of the dual space of$H$_{$x$}, in the case$X$having the property 1<-$p$_{$X$}<-$q$_{$X$}<2, imporoving an earlier result [P1].

The aim of this paper is to study the Lelong number, the integrability index and the Monge–Ampère mass at the origin of an S^1-invariant plurisubharmonic function on a balanced domain in C^n under the Schwarz symmetrization. We prove that n times the integrability index is exactly the Lelong number of the symmetrization, and if the function is further toric with a single pole at the origin, then the Monge–Ampère mass is always decreasing under the symmetrization.

Pseudospin, an additional degree of freedom inherent in graphene, plays a key role in understanding many fundamental phenomena such as the anomalous quantum Hall effect, electron chirality and Klein paradox. Unlike the electron spin, the pseudospin was traditionally considered as an unmeasurable quantity, immune to Stern-Gerlach-type experiments. Recently, however, it has been suggested that graphene pseudospin is a real angular momentum that might manifest itself as an observable quantity, but so far direct tests of such a momentum remained unfruitful. Here, by selective excitation of two sublattices of an artificial photonic graphene, we demonstrate pseudospin-mediated vortex generation and topological charge flipping in otherwise uniform optical beams with Bloch momentum traversing through the Dirac points. Corroborated by numerical solutions of the linear massless Dirac-Weyl equation, we show that pseudospin can turn into orbital angular momentum completely, thus upholding the belief that pseudospin is not merely for theoretical elegance but rather physically measurable.

We construct an index for BPS operators supported on a ray in five dimensional superconformal field theories with exceptional global symmetries. We compute the E_n representations (for n = 2, . . . , 7) of operators of low spin, thus verifying that while the expression for the index is only SO(2n − 2) × U(1) invariant, the index itself exhibits the full E_n symmetry (at least up to the order we expanded). The ray operators we studied in 5d can be viewed as generalizations of operators constructed in a Yang-Mills theory with fundamental matter by attaching an open Wilson line to a quark. For n ≤ 7, in contrast to local operators, they carry nontrivial charge under the ℤ_{9 − n}  ⊂ E_n center of the global symmetry. The representations that appear in the ray operator index are therefore different, for n ≤ 7, from those appearing in the previously computed superconformal index. For 3 ≤ n ≤ 7, we find that the leading term in the index is a character of a minuscule representation of E_n . We also discuss the case n = 8, which presents a unique technical challenge, and remains an open problem.

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