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This article presents a novel and flexible bubble modelling technique for multi-fluid simulations using a volume fraction representation. By combining the volume fraction data obtained from a primary multi-fluid simulation with simple and efficient secondary bubble simulation, a range of real-world bubble phenomena are captured with a high degree of physical realism, including large bubble deformation, sub-cell bubble motion, bubble stacking over the liquid surface, bubble volume change, dissolving of bubbles, etc. Without any change in the primary multi-fluid simulator, our bubble modelling approach is applicable to any multi-fluid simulator based on the volume fraction representation.

For a Landau–Ginzburg space ([Cn/G], W), we construct Witten’s top Chern class as an algebraic cycle using cosection localized virtual cycles in the case where all sectors are narrow, verify all axioms of this class, and derive an explicit formula for it in the free case. We prove that this construction is equivalent to the constructions of Polishchuk–Vaintrob, Chiodo, and Fan– Jarvis–Ruan.

No abstract uploaded!

No abstract uploaded!