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We proved in this paper that 14 triangles are necessary to triangulate a square with every angle no more than 72◦, answering an unsolved problem proposed by Professor D.Eppstein. At first, computer is used to search for topologically feasible solutions of triangulations of a rectangle. Then the geometric feasibility is analyzed case by case by plane geometry. We also proved that any rectangle can be 72◦ triangulated if the number of triangles is not limited.

This work proposes a novel metric based algorithm for quadrilateral mesh generating. Each quad-mesh induces a Riemannian metric satisfying special conditions: the metric is a flat metric with cone singularities conformal to the original metric, the total curvature satisfies the Gauss–Bonnet condition, the holonomy group is a subgroup of the rotation group $\{e^{ik\pi/2}\}$, there is cross field obtained by parallel translation which is aligned with the boundaries, and its streamlines are finite geodesics. Inversely, such kind of metric induces a quad-mesh. Based on discrete Ricci flow and conformal structure deformation, one can obtain a metric satisfying all the conditions and obtain the desired quad-mesh. This method is rigorous, simple and automatic. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of the algorithm.