We present a simple proof on the formation of flocking in the F. Cucker and S. Smale system [Jpn. J. Math. (3) 2, No. 1, 197–227 (2007; Zbl 1166.92323)] based on the explicit construction of a Lyapunov functional. Our results also provide a unified condition on the initial states in which the exponential convergence to the flocking state will occur. For large particle systems, we give a rigorous justification for the mean-field limit from the many particle Cucker-Smale system to the Vlasov equation with flocking dissipation as the number of particles goes to infinity.

In this paper we study the generalization of the Brocard congurations. The denition of q-period broken line is given and then the new necessary and sucient condition about the existence of two conjugate Brocard points of the q􀀀period loop broken line is investigated. Based on the past research, a geometric method for the construction of all possible loop broken lines with conjugate Brocard points is developed.

We introduce a homotopy theory of digraphs (directed graphs) and prove its basic properties, including the relations to the homology theory of digraphs constructed by the authors in previous papers. In particular, we prove the homotopy invariance of homologies of digraphs and the relation between the fundamental group of the digraph and its first homology group. The category of (undirected) graphs can be identified by a natural way with a full subcategory of digraphs. Thus we obtain also consistent homology and homotopy theories for graphs.

Let (X, ) be a pair. We study how the condition (X, ) causes surjectivity or birationality of the Albanese map and the Albanese morphism of (X, ) in both characteristic (X, ) and characteristic (X, ) . In particular in characteristic (X, ) we generalize Kawamata's result to the cases of log canonial pairs, and in characteristic (X, ) we generalize a result of Hacon-Patakfalvi to the cases of log pairs. Moreover we show that if (X, ) is a normal projective threefold in characteristic (X, ) , the coefficients of the components of (X, ) are (X, ) and (X, ) is semiample, then the Albanese morphism of (X, ) is surjective under reasonable assumptions on (X, ) and the singularities of the general fibers of the Albanese morphism. This is a positive characteristic analog in dimension 3 of a result of Zhang on a conjecture of Demailly-Peternell-Schneider.

No abstract uploaded!