No abstract uploaded!

We explain how the classical notions of Fisher information of a random variable and Fisher information matrix of a random vector can be extended to a much broader setting. We also show that Stam’s inequality for Fisher information and Shannon entropy, as well as the more generalized versions proved earlier by the authors, are all special cases of more general sharp inequalities satisfied by random vectors. The extremal random vectors, which we call generalized Gaussians, contain Gaussians as a limiting case but are noteworthy because they are heavy- tailed.

In 1975, P. Erd\"{o}s proposed the problem of determining the maximum number $f(n)$ of edges in a graph with $n$ vertices in which any two cycles are of different lengths. In this paper, it is proved that $$f(n)\geq n+\frac{107}{3}t+\frac{7}{3}$$ for $t=1260r+169 \,\ (r\geq 1)$ and $n \geq \frac{2119}{4}t^{2}+87978t+\frac{15957}{4}$. Consequently, $\liminf\sb {n \to \infty} {f(n)-n \over \sqrt n} \geq \sqrt {2 + \frac{7654}{19071}},$ which is better than the previous bounds $\sqrt 2$ (Shi, 1988), $\sqrt {2.4}$ (Lai, 2003). The conjecture $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} {f(n)-n\over \sqrt n}=\sqrt {2.4}$ is not true.

Shape registration has a wide range of applications in geometric modeling, medical imaging, and computer vision. This paper focuses on the registration of the genus-3 vestibular systems and studies the geometric differences between the normal and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) groups. The non-trivial topology of the VS poses great technical challenges to the geometric analysis. To tackle these challenges, we present an effective and practical solution to register the vestibular systems. We first extract six geodesic landmarks for the VS, which are stable, intrinsic, and insensitive to the VS’s resolution and tessellation. Moreover, they are highly consistent regardless of the AIS and normal groups. The detected geodesic landmarks partition the VS into three patches, a topological annulus and two topological disks. For each pair of patches of the AIS subject and the control, we compute a bijective map using the holomorphic 1-form and harmonic map techniques. With a carefully designed boundary condition, the three individual maps can be glued in a seamless manner so that the resulting registration is a homeomorphism with exact landmark matching. Our method is robust, automatic and efficient. It takes only a few seconds on a low-end PC, which significantly outperforms the non-rigid ICP algorithm. We conducted a student’s t-test on the test data. Computational results show that using the mean curvature measure E_H, our method can distinguish the AIS subjects and the normal subjects.

This paper studies affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties $X_{w}(b)$ in the affine flag variety of a quasi-split tamely ramified group. We describe the geometric structure of $X_{w}(b)$ for a minimal length element $w$ in the conjugacy class of an extended affine Weyl group, generalizing one of the main results in \cite{HL} to the affine case. We then provide a reduction method that relates the structure of $X_{w}(b)$ for arbitrary elements $w$ in the extended affine Weyl group to those associated with minimal length elements. Based on this reduction, we establish a connection between the dimension of affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties and the degree of the class polynomial of affine Hecke algebras. As a consequence, we prove a conjecture of G\"ortz, Haines, Kottwitz and Reuman in \cite{GHKR}.