We propose the notion of partial resolution of a ring, which is by definition the endomorphism ring of a certain generator of the given ring. We prove that the singularity category of the partial resolution is a quotient of the singularity category of the given ring. Consequences and examples are given.

In this paper, we study the transonic shock problem for the full compressible Euler system in a general two-dimensional de Laval nozzle as proposed in Courant and Friedrichs (Supersonic flow and shock waves, Interscience, New York, 1948): given the appropriately large exit pressure pe(x), if the upstream flow is still supersonic behind the throat of the nozzle, then at a certain place in the diverging part of the nozzle, a shock front intervenes and the gas is compressed and slowed down to subsonic speed so that the position and the strength of the shock front are automatically adjusted such that the end pressure at the exit becomes pe(x). We solve this problem completely for a general class of de Laval nozzles whose divergent parts are small and arbitrary perturbations of divergent angular domains for the full steady compressible Euler system. The problem can be reduced to solve a nonlinear free boundary value problem for a mixed hyperbolic–elliptic system. One of the key ingredients in the analysis is to solve a nonlinear free boundary value problem in a weighted Hölder space with low regularities for a second order quasilinear elliptic equation with a free parameter (the position of the shock curve at one wall of the nozzle) and non-local terms involving the trace on the shock of the first order derivatives of the unknown function.

A bandwidth selection method is proposed for local linear regression. Our approach is to combine the ideas of optimal bandwidth selection of Hall et al.(1991) in kernel density estimation, and use of direct bias and variance in Fan and Gijbels (1995) for local linear regression. We show that the bandwidth selector has an optimal relative rate of convergence of n-1/2 with n the sample size.

On a K-unstable toric variety we show the existence of an optimal destabilising convex function. We show that if this is piecewise linear then it gives rise to a decomposition into semistable pieces analogous to the Harder-Narasimhan filtration of an unstable vector bundle. We also show that if the Calabi flow exists for all time on a toric variety then it minimizes the Calabi functional. In this case the infimum of the Calabi functional is given by the supremum of the normalized Futaki invariants over all destabilising test-configurations, as predicted by a conjecture of Donaldson.

We consider singular integral operators of the form (a)$Z$_{1}L^{−1}Z_{2}, (b)$Z$_{1}Z_{2}L^{−1}, and (c)$L$^{−1}Z_{1}Z_{2}, where$Z$_{1}and$Z$_{2}are nonzero right-invariant vector fields, and$L$is the$L$^{2}-closure of a canonical Laplacian. The operators (a) are shown to be bounded on$L$^{p}for all$p$∈(1, ∞) and of weak type (1, 1), whereas all of the operators in (b) and (c) are not of weak type ($p, p$) for any$p$∈[1, ∞).