We study groups of automorphisms and birational transformations of quasi-projective varieties. Two methods are combined; the first one is based on p-adic analysis, the second makes use of isoperimetric inequalities and Lang–Weil estimates. For instance, we show that, if SLn(Z) acts faithfully on a complex quasi-projective variety X by birational transformations, then dim(X)⩾n−1 and X is rational if dim(X)=n−1.

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Homological Projective duality (HP-duality) theory, introduced by Kuznetsov \cite{Kuz07HPD}, is one of the most powerful frameworks in the homological study of algebraic geometry. The main result (HP-duality theorem) of the theory gives complete descriptions of bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves of (dual) linear sections of HP-dual varieties. We show the theorem also holds for more general intersections beyond linear sections. More explicitly, for a given HP-dual pair $(X,Y)$, then analogue of HP-duality theorem holds for their intersections with another HP-dual pair $(S,T)$, provided that they intersect properly. We also prove a relative version of our main result. Taking $(S,T)$ to be dual linear subspaces (resp. subbundles), our method provides a more direct proof of the original (relative) HP-duality theorem.

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Surface Ricci flow is a powerful tool to design Riemannian metrics by user defined curvatures. Discrete surface Ricci flow has been broadly applied for surface parameterization, shape analysis, and computational topology. Conventional discrete Ricci flow has limitations. For meshes with low quality triangulations, if high conformality is required, the flow may get stuck at the local optimum of the Ricci energy. If convergence to the global optimum is enforced, the conformality may be sacrificed. This work introduces a novel method to generalize the traditional discrete Ricci flow. The generalized Ricci flow is more flexible, more robust and conformal for meshes with low quality triangulations. Conventional method is based on circle packing, which requires two circles on an edge intersect each other at an acute angle. Generalized method allows the two circles either intersect or separate from each other. This greatly improves the flexibility and robustness of the method. Furthermore, the generalized Ricci flow preserves the convexity of the Ricci energy, this ensures the uniqueness of the global optimum. Therefore the algorithm won't get stuck at the local optimum. Generalized discrete Ricci flow algorithms are explained in details for triangle meshes with both Euclidean and hyperbolic background geometries. Its advantages are demonstrated by theoretic proofs and practical applications in graphics, especially surface parameterization.