Woodin has demonstrated that, in the presence of large cardinals, there is a single model of ZFC which is maximal for Π_{2}-sentences over the structure ($H$($ω$_{2}), ∈, NS_{$ω$1}), in the sense that its ($H$($ω$_{2}), ∈, NS_{$ω$1}) satisfies every Π_{2}-sentence$σ$for which ($H$($ω$_{2}), ∈, NS_{$ω$1}) ⊨$σ$can be forced by set-forcing. In this paper we answer a question of Woodin by showing that there are two Π_{2}-sentences over the structure ($H$($ω$_{2}), ∈,$ω$_{1}) which can each be forced to hold along with the continuum hypothesis, but whose conjunction implies $$ {2^{{{\aleph_0}}}}={2^{{{\aleph_1}}}} $$ . In the process we establish that there are two preservation theorems for not introducing new real numbers by a countable support iterated forcing which cannot be subsumed into a single preservation theorem.

Let$k$be an algebraically closed field. We show that the Cremona group of all birational transformations of the projective plane $$ \mathbb{P}_{\mathbf{k}}^2 $$ is not a simple group. The strategy makes use of hyperbolic geometry, geometric group theory and algebraic geometry to produce elements in the Cremona group that generate non-trivial normal subgroups.

We consider$Thurston maps$, i.e., branched covering maps$f:S$^{2}→$S$^{2}that are$post-critically finite$. In addition, we assume that$f$is$expanding$in a suitable sense. It is shown that each sufficiently high iterate$F$=$f$^{$n$}of$f$is$semi-conjugate$to$z$^{$d$}:$S$^{1}→$S$^{1}, where$d$= deg F. More precisely, for such an$F$we construct a$Peano curve γ$:$S$^{1}→$S$^{2}(onto), such that$F$∘$γ$($z$) =$γ$($z$^{$d$}) (for all$z$∈$S$^{1}).

The purpose of this article is to prove that the forcing axiom for completely proper forcings is inconsistent with the continuum hypothesis. This answers a longstanding problem of Shelah.

In 1971, McMullen and Walkup posed the following conjecture, which is called the generalized lower bound conjecture: If$P$is a simplicial$d$-polytope then its$h$-vector ($h$_{0},$h$_{1}, …,$h$_{$d$}) satisfies $$ {h_0}\leq {h_1}\leq \ldots \leq {h_{{\left\lfloor {{d \left/ {2} \right.}} \right\rfloor }}} $$ . Moreover, if$h$_{$r$−1}=$h$_{$r$}for some $$ r\leq \frac{1}{2}d $$ then$P$can be triangulated without introducing simplices of dimension ≤$d$−$r$.

We prove an extension theorem for effective purely log-terminal pairs ($X, S$+$B$) of non-negative Kodaira dimension $${\kappa (K_X+S+B)\ge 0}$$ . The main new ingredient is a refinement of the Ohsawa–Takegoshi$L$^{2}extension theorem involving singular Hermitian metrics.

We prove uniqueness of ground state solutions$Q$=$Q$(|$x$|) ≥ 0 of the non-linear equation $$(-\Delta)^s Q+Q-Q^{\alpha+1}= 0 \quad {\rm in} \, \mathbb{R},$$ where 0 <$s$< 1 and 0 <$α$< 4$s$/(1−2$s$) for $${s<\frac{1}{2}}$$ and 0 <$α$<$∞$for $${s\geq \frac{1}{2}}$$ . Here (−Δ)^{$s$}denotes the fractional Laplacian in one dimension. In particular, we answer affirmatively an open question recently raised by Kenig–Martel–Robbiano and we generalize (by completely different techniques) the specific uniqueness result obtained by Amick and Toland for $${s=\frac{1}{2}}$$ and$α$= 1 in [5] for the Benjamin–Ono equation.

We prove that uniform random quadrangulations of the sphere with$n$faces, endowed with the usual graph distance and renormalized by$n$^{−1/4}, converge as$n$→$∞$in distribution for the Gromov–Hausdorff topology to a limiting metric space. We validate a conjecture by Le Gall, by showing that the limit is (up to a scale constant) the so-called$Brownian map$, which was introduced by Marckert–Mokkadem and Le Gall as the most natural candidate for the scaling limit of many models of random plane maps. The proof relies strongly on the concept of$geodesic stars$in the map, which are configurations made of several geodesics that only share a common endpoint and do not meet elsewhere.

In our previous paper “The primes contain arbitrarily long polynomial progressions” [$Acta Math$., 201 (2008), 213–305] there were some minor errors in our definition of the polynomial forms and polynomial correlation conditions, which is unreasonably strong as written due to the overly loose bound on the degree of the polynomials involved. In this erratum we repair this issue by capping the degree of the polynomials more strongly, and adjusting some other relevant components of the argument accordingly.

This paper applies$K$-homology to solve the index problem for a class of hypoelliptic (but not elliptic) operators on contact manifolds.$K$-homology is the dual theory to$K$-theory. We explicitly calculate the$K$-cycle (i.e., the element in geometric$K$-homology) determined by any hypoelliptic Fredholm operator in the Heisenberg calculus.

We prove that every finite group$G$can be realized as the group of self-homotopy equivalences of infinitely many elliptic spaces$X$. To construct those spaces we introduce a new technique which leads, for example, to the existence of infinitely many inflexible manifolds. Further applications to representation theory will appear in a separate paper.

We prove a general result about the geometry of holomorphic line bundles over Kähler manifolds.

Let $${f \in \mathbb{Z}[x]}$$ , $${\deg f =3}$$ . Assume that$f$does not have repeated roots. Assume as well that, for every prime$q$, $${f(x)\not\equiv 0}$$ mod$q$^{2}has at least one solution in $${(\mathbb{Z}/q^2 \mathbb{Z})^*}$$ . Then, under these two necessary conditions, there are infinitely many primes$p$such that$f$($p$) is square-free.

We prove a rigidity theorem in Poisson geometry around compact Poisson submanifolds, using the Nash–Moser fast convergence method. In the case of one-point submanifolds (fixed points), this implies a stronger version of Conn’s linearization theorem [2], also proving that Conn’s theorem is a manifestation of a rigidity phenomenon; similarly, in the case of arbitrary symplectic leaves, it gives a stronger version of the local normal form theorem [7]. We can also use the rigidity theorem to compute the Poisson moduli space of the sphere in the dual of a compact semisimple Lie algebra [17].

We enhance the efficient congruencing method for estimating Vinogradov’s integral for moments of order 2$s$, with $${1\leqslant s\leqslant k^{2}-1}$$ . In this way, we prove the main conjecture for such even moments when $${1\leqslant s\leqslant \tfrac{1}{4}(k+1)^{2}}$$ , showing that the moments exhibit strongly diagonal behaviour in this range. There are improvements also for larger values of$s$, these finding application to the asymptotic formula in Waring’s problem.

We prove that if$μ$is a$d$-dimensional Ahlfors-David regular measure in $${\mathbb{R}^{d+1}}$$ , then the boundedness of the$d$-dimensional Riesz transform in$L$^{2}($μ$) implies that the non-BAUP David–Semmes cells form a Carleson family. Combined with earlier results of David and Semmes, this yields the uniform rectifiability of$μ$.

We prove the complete monotonicity on $${(0, \infty)^{n}}$$ for suitable inverse powers of the spanning-tree polynomials of graphs and, more generally, of the basis generating polynomials of certain classes of matroids. This generalizes a result of Szegő and answers, among other things, a long-standing question of Lewy and Askey concerning the positivity of Taylor coefficients for certain rational functions. Our proofs are based on two ab-initio methods for proving that $${P^{-\beta}}$$ is completely monotone on a convex cone$C$: the determinantal method and the quadratic-form method. These methods are closely connected with harmonic analysis on Euclidean Jordan algebras (or equivalently on symmetric cones). We furthermore have a variety of constructions that, given such polynomials, can create other ones with the same property: among these are algebraic analogues of the matroid operations of deletion, contraction, direct sum, parallel connection, series connection and 2-sum. The complete monotonicity of $${P^{-\beta}}$$ for some $${\beta > 0}$$ can be viewed as a strong quantitative version of the half-plane property (Hurwitz stability) for$P$, and is also related to the Rayleigh property for matroids.