In this paper we study some boundary operators of a class of Bessel-type Littlewood-Paley extensions whose prototype is $$ \alignat 2 \Delta_xu(x,y)+\frac{1-2s}{y}\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}(x,y)+\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial y^2}(x,y)&=0&&\qquad\text{for}\ x\in\Bbb{R}^dd,\ y>0,\\u(x,0)&=f(x)&&\qquad\text{for}\ x\in\Bbb{R}^d. \endalignat $$ In particular, we show that with a logarithmic scaling one can capture the failure of analyticity of these extensions in the limiting cases $s=k\in\Bbb{N}$.

We provide a complete and rigorous description of phase transitions for kinetic models of self-propelled particles interacting through alignment. These models exhibit a competition between alignment and noise. Both the alignment frequency and noise intensity depend on a measure of the local alignment. We show that, in the spatially homogeneous case, the phase transition features (number and nature of equilibria, stability, convergence rate, phase diagram, hysteresis) are totally encoded in how the ratio between the alignment and noise intensities depend on the local alignment. In the spatially inhomogeneous case, we derive the macroscopic models associated to the stable equilibria and classify their hyperbolicity according to the same function.

This work is devoted to establishing the local-in-time well-posedness of strong solutions to the three-dimensional compressible primitive equations of atmospheric dynamics. It is shown that strong solutions exist, unique, and depend continuously on the initial data, for a short time in two cases: with gravity but without vacuum, and with vacuum but without gravity. We also introduce the free boundary problem for the compressible primitive equations.

We study the variation of the convergence Newton polygon of a differential equation along a smooth Berkovich curve over a non-archimedean complete valued field of characteristic zero. Relying on work of the second author who investigated its properties on affinoid domains of the affine line, we prove that its slopes give rise to continuous functions that factorise by the retraction through a locally finite subgraph of the curve.

What is the shape of a uniformly massive object that generates a gravitational potential equivalent to that of two equal point-masses? If the weight of each point-mass is sufficiently small compared to the distance between the points then the answer is a pair of balls of equal radius, one centered at each of the two points, but otherwise it is a certain domain of revolution about the axis passing through the two points. The existence and uniqueness of such a domain is known, but an explicit parameterization is known only in the plane where the region is referred to as a Neumann oval. We construct a four-dimensional “Neumann ovaloid”, solving explicitly this inverse potential problem.