We consider a graph G and a covering G of G and we study the relations of their eigenvalues and heat kernels. We evaluate the heat kernel for an infinite k-regular tree and we examine the heat kernels for general k-regular graphs. In particular, we show that a k-regular graph on n vertices has at most (1+ o (1)) 2 log n knlog k

0. Introduction. Let Mn be a n-dimensional minimally immersed submanifold of M, Q> 1. Throughout this paper M is taken to be one of the simply connected space forms with curvature 1, 0, or-1, ie Mfn+ f sn+ f, Rn+ f, or Hn+ f. Given a point p EM, let rp (x) be the dis-tance function on M, we denote the restriction of rp to M as the extrinsic distance function on M. For any a> 0, we define the extrinsic ball cen-tered at p with radius a by

This paper describes a high-resolution, real-time, three-dimensional shape measurement system using the modified two-plus-one phase-shifting algorithm. The data acquisition speed is as high as 60 frames/s with an image resolution of 640480 pixels per frame. Experiments demonstrated that the system was able to acquire the dynamic changing objects such as facial geometric shape changes when the subject is speaking, and the modified two-plus-one phase-shifting algorithm can further alleviate the error due to motion. Applications of this system include manufacturing, online inspection, medical imaging, compute vision, and computer graphics.

We extend our previous proof of the positive mass conjecture to allow a more general asymptotic condition proposed by York. Hence we are able to prove that for an isolated physical system, the energy momentum four vector is a future timelike vector unless the system is trivial. Furthermore, we allow singularities of the type of black holes.

As a continuation of [1], we study modular properties of the periods, the mirror maps and Yukawa couplings for multi-moduli Calabi-Yau varieties. In Part A of this paper, motivated by the recent work of Kachru-Vafa, we degenerate a three-moduli family of Calabi-Yau toric varieties along a codimension one subfamily which can be described by the vanishing of certain Mori coordinate, corresponding to going to the large volume limit in a certain direction. Then we see that the deformation space of the subfamily is the same as a certain family of K3 toric surfaces. This family can in turn be studied by further degeneration along a subfamily which in the end is described by a family of elliptic curves. The periods of the K3 family (and hence the original Calabi-Yau family) can be described by the squares of the periods of the elliptic curves. The consequences include: (1) proofs of various conjectural formulas of physicists [2