We study the two-point correlation function of a freely decaying scalar in Kraichnan's model of advection by a Gaussian random velocity field that is stationary and white noise in time, but fractional Brownian in space with roughness exponent 0&lt;<i></i>&lt;2, appropriate to the inertial-convective range of the scalar. We find all self-similar solutions by transforming the scaling equation to Kummer's equation. It is shown that only those scaling solutions with scalar energy decay exponent <i>a</i>(<i>d</i>/<i></i>)+1 are statistically realizable, where <i>d</i> is space dimension and <i></i>=2<i></i>. An infinite sequence of invariants <i>J</i> _p, <i>p</i>=0,1,2,..., is pointed out, where <i>J</i> ₀ is Corrsin's integral invariant but the higher invariants appear to be new. We show that at least one of the invariants <i>J</i> ₀ or <i>J</i> ₁ must be nonzero (possibly infinite) for realizable initial data. Initial datum with a finite, nonzero invariantthe first being <i>J</i> _pconverges at long times to a scaling

The dynamics of dilute electrons can be modelled by the fundamental VlasovPoissonBoltzmann system which describes mutual interactions of the electrons through collisions in the self-consistent electric field. In this paper, it is shown that any smooth perturbation of a given global Maxwellian leads to a unique global-in-time classical solution when either the mean free path is small or the background charge density is large. Moreover, the solution converges to the global Maxwellian when time tends to infinity. The analysis combines the techniques used in the study of conservation laws with the decomposition of the Boltzmann equation introduced in [17, 19] by obtaining new entropy estimates for this physical model.

A topic for study derives from an interesting problem on the internet.Some significative conclusions about the problem of number ring transformation are made in the paper. Firstly, an assumption that a given starting number ring could be transformed to the end ring in finite degree is proved. Secondly, transformation degree is proved to be unconcerned with the order of the transformation. Furthermore, a function of computing transformation degree is worked out. Finally, the same end ring is gained with a given starting number ring transformed in different sequence.

Decomposable mappings from the space of symmetric$k$-fold tensors over$E$, $\bigotimes_{s,k}E$ , to the space of$k$-fold tensors over$F$, $\bigotimes_{s,k}F$ , are those linear operators which map nonzero decomposable elements to nonzero decomposable elements. We prove that any decomposable mapping is induced by an injective linear operator between the spaces on which the tensors are defined. Moreover, if the decomposable mapping belongs to a given operator ideal, then so does its inducing operator. This result allows us to classify injective linear operators between spaces of homogeneous approximable polynomials and between spaces of nuclear polynomials which map rank-1 polynomials to rank-1 polynomials.

We study the front dynamics of solutions of the initial value problem of the Burgers equation with initial data being the viscous shock front plus the white noise perturbation. In the sense of distribution, the solutions propagate with the same speed as the unperturbed front, however, the front location is random and satisfies a central limit theorem with the variance proportional to the time<i>t</i>, as<i>t</i> goes to infinity. With probability arbitrarily close to one, the front width is<i>O</i>(1) for large time.