In this paper, we prove that discrete Morse functions on digraphs are flat Witten-Morse functions and Witten complexes of transitive digraphs approach to Morse complexes. We construct a chain complex consisting of the formal linear combinations of paths which are not only critical paths of the transitive closure but also allowed elementary paths of the digraph, and prove that the homology of the new chain complex is isomorphic to the path homology. On the basis of the above results, we give the Morse inequalities on digraphs.

We develop mathematical models describing the evolution of stochastic age-structured populations. After reviewing existing approaches, we formulate a complete kinetic framework for age-structured interacting populations undergoing birth, death and fission processes in spatially dependent environments. We define the full probability density for the population-size age chart and find results under specific conditions. Connections with more classical models are also explicitly derived. In particular, we show that factorial moments for non-interacting processes are described by a natural generalization of the McKendrick-von Foerster equation, which describes mean-field deterministic behavior. Our approach utilizes mixed-type, multidimensional probability distributions similar to those employed in the study of gas kinetics and with terms that satisfy BBGKY-like equation hierarchies.

We give a complete classification of locally strongly convex affine hypersurfaces of Rn+1 with parallel cubic form with respect to the Levi-Civita connection of the affine Berwald-Blaschke metric. It turns out that all such affine hypersurfaces are quadrics or can be obtained by applying repeatedly the Calabi product construction of hyperbolic affine hyperspheres, using as building blocks either the hyperboloid, or the standard immersion of one of the symmetric spaces SL(m,R)/SO(m), SL(m,C)/SU(m), SU 2m /Sp(m), or E6(−26)/F4.

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It is shown that within the Lp-Brunn–Minkowski theory that Aleksandrov’s integral curvature has a natural Lp extension, for all real p. This raises the question of finding necessary and sufficient conditions on a given measure in order for it to be the Lp-integral curvature of a convex body. This problem is solved for positive p and is answered for negative p provided the given measure is even.