A uniform approach is introduced to study the existence of measure valued solutions to the homogeneous Boltzmann equation for both hard potential with finite energy, and soft potential with finite or infinite energy, by using Toscani metric. Under the non-angular cutoff assumption on the cross-section, the solutions obtained are shown to be in the Schwartz space in the velocity variable as long as the initial data is not a single Dirac mass without any extra moment condition for hard potential, and with the boundedness on moments of any order for soft potential.

The main purpose of the present paper is to investigate the nonlinear stability of viscous shock waves and rarefaction waves for the bipolar VlasovPoissonBoltzmann (VPB) system. To this end, motivated by the micromacro decomposition to the Boltzmann equation in Liu and Yu (Commun Math Phys 246:133179, 2004) and Liu etal. (Physica D 188:178192, 2004), we first set up a new micromacro decomposition around the local Maxwellian related to the bipolar VPB system and give a unified framework to study the nonlinear stability of the basic wave patterns to the system. Then, as applications of this new decomposition, the time-asymptotic stability of the two typical nonlinear wave patterns, viscous shock waves and rarefaction waves are proved for the 1D bipolar VPB system. More precisely, it is first proved that the linear superposition of two Boltzmann shock profiles in the first and third

In this paper, we study the strong convergence of a sequence of uniform<i>L^p</i>_loc(<b>R</b><b>R</b>⁺) bounded approximate solutions {<i>u</i>(<i>x</i>,<i>t</i>)} to the following scalar conservation laws[formula]with initial data[formula]Without the convexity assumption and growth condition at infinity for<i>f</i>(<i>x</i>,<i>t</i>,<i>u</i>), we prove strong convergence of a subsequence of {<i>u</i>(<i>x</i>,<i>t</i>)}. Under a more general growth condition than those in the previous work, we prove the existence of weak solution for the equation. The result obtained here generalizes those in earlier work. Some applications of the results are also given at the end of this paper.

The compressible Euler equations, which govern the gas flow surrounding a solid ball with mass M and frictional damping in n dimensions, t+(u)= 0,(u) t+ (u u)+ P ()=-Mx/| x| n-2u, where , u, P and M are the density, velocity, pressure and mass of the gas, respectively, n 3 is the dimension of x, and &gt; 0 is the frictional constant, are examined. The pressure is assumed to satisfy the law and 12 , K is a positive constant. The existence and non-existence of global smooth solutions are studied for the initial boundary problem of the Euler equations.

The present paper concerns with the global structure and asymptotic behavior of the discontinuous solutions to flood wave equations. By solving a free boundary problem, we first obtain the global structure and large time behavior of the weak solutions containing two shock waves. For the Cauchy problem with a class of initial data, we use Glimm scheme to obtain a uniform BV estimate both with respect to time and the relaxation parameter. This yields the global existence of BV solution and convergence to the equilibrium equation as the relaxation parameter tends to 0.