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Let n be an integer such that 25≤n≤51. We construct a smooth metric g on Sn with the property that the set of constant scalar curvature metrics in the conformal class of g is not compact.

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We consider the solution of the large-scale nonsymmetric algebraic Riccati equation XCX − XD − AX + B = 0, with M ≡ [D,−C;−B,A] ∈ R(n1+n2)×(n1+n2) being a nonsingular M-matrix. In addition, A and D are sparselike, with the products A−1u, A−⊤u, D−1v, and D−⊤v computable in O(n) complexity (with n = max{n1, n2}), for some vectors u and v, and B, C are low ranked. The structure-preserving doubling algorithms (SDA) by Guo, Lin, and Xu [Numer. Math., 103 (2006), pp. 392–412] is adapted, with the appropriate applications of the Sherman–Morrison– Woodbury formula and the sparse-plus-low-rank representations of various iterates. The resulting large-scale doubling algorithm has an O(n) computational complexity and memory requirement per iteration and converges essentially quadratically. A detailed error analysis, on the effects of truncation of iterates with an explicit forward error bound for the approximate solution from the SDA, and some numerical results will be presented.

We study the space of Killing fields on the four dimensional AdS spacetime AdS 3,1 . Two subsets S and O are identified: S (the spinor Killing fields) is constructed from imaginary Killing spinors, and O (the observer Killing fields) consists of all hypersurface orthogonal, future timelike unit Killing fields. When the cosmology constant vanishes, or in the Minkowski spacetime case, these two subsets have the same convex hull in the space of Killing fields. In presence of the cosmology constant, the convex hull of O is properly contained in that of S . This leads to two different notions of energy for an asymptotically AdS spacetime, the spinor energy and the observer energy. In [10], Chru\'sciel, Maerten and Tod proved the positivity of the spinor energy and derived important consequences among the related conserved quantities. We show that the positivity of the observer energy follows from the positivity of the spinor energy. A new notion called the "rest mass" of an asymptotically AdS spacetime is then defined by minimizing the observer energy, and is shown to be evaluated in terms of the adjoint representation of the Lie algebra of Killing fields. It is proved that the rest mass has the desirable rigidity property that characterizes the AdS spacetime.