Let A1, A2 be (not necessarily unital or closed) standard operator algebras on locally convex spaces X1, X2, respectively. For k 2, define different kinds of products T1 Tk on elements in Ai, which covers the usual product T1 Tk= T1 Tk, and the Jordan triple product T1 T2= T2T1T2. Let : A1 A2 be a (not necessarily linear) map satisfying that ( (A1) (Ak))= (A1 Ak) whenever any one of Ais is of rank zero or one. It is shown that if the range of contains all rank one and rank two operators then it must be a Jordan isomorphism multiplied by a root of unity. Similar results for self-adjoint operators acting on Hilbert spaces are obtained.

It is well known that the Boltzmann equation is related to the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in the field of gas dynamics. The relation is either for small Knudsen number, or, for dissipative waves in the time-asymptotic sense. In this paper, we show that rarefaction waves for the Boltzmann equation are time-asymptotic stable and tend to the rarefaction waves for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. Our main tool is the combination of techniques for viscous conservation laws and the energy method based on micro-macro decomposition of the Boltzmann equation. The expansion nature of the rarefaction waves and the suitable microscopic version of the <i>H</i>-theorem are essential elements of our analysis.

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We discuss the uniruledness of various base loci of linear systems related to the canonical divisor. In particular we prove that the stable base locus of the canonical divisor of a smooth projective variety of general type is covered by rational curves.