For a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, Lusztig introduced the corresponding modified quantized enveloping algebra $\dot{\textbf{U}}$ and its canonical basis $\dot{\textbf{B}}$ in [13]. In this paper, in case $\mathfrak{g}$ is a symmetric Kac-Moody Lie algebra of finite or affine type, we define a set $\tilde{\mathcal{M}}$ which depends only on the root category $\mathcal{R}$ and prove that there is a bijection between $\tilde{\mathcal{M}}$ and $\dot{\textbf{B}}$, where $\mathcal{R}$ is the $T^2$-orbit category of the bounded derived category of corresponding Dynkin or tame quiver. Our method is based on a result of Lin, Xiao and Zhang in [10], which gives a PBW-type basis of $\textbf{U}^+$.

Let $\mathbf{U}$ be the quantized enveloping algebra and $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ its modified form. Lusztig gives some symmetries on $\mathbf{U}$ and $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$. Since the realization of $\mathbf{U}$ by the reduced Drinfeld double of the Ringel-Hall algebra, one can apply the BGP-reflection functors to the double Ringel-Hall algebra to obtain Lusztig's symmetries on $\mathbf{U}$ and their important properties, for instance, the braid relations. In this paper, we define a modified form $\dot{\mathcal{H}}$ of the Ringel-Hall algebra and realize the Lusztig's symmetries on $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ by applying the BGP-reflection functors to $\dot{\mathcal{H}}$.

Let $\mathbf{U}$ be the quantum group and $\mathbf{f}$ be the Lusztig's algebra associated with a symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix. The algebra $\mathbf{f}$ can be viewed as the positive part of $\mathbf{U}$. Lusztig introduced some symmetries $T_i$ on $\mathbf{U}$ for all $i\in I$. Since $T_i(\mathbf{f})$ is not contained in $\mathbf{f}$, Lusztig considered two subalgebras ${_i\mathbf{f}}$ and ${^i\mathbf{f}}$ of $\mathbf{f}$ for any $i\in I$, where ${_i\mathbf{f}}=\{x\in\mathbf{f}\,\,|\,\,T_i(x)\in\mathbf{f}\}$ and ${^i\mathbf{f}}=\{x\in\mathbf{f}\,\,|\,\,T^{-1}_i(x)\in\mathbf{f}\}$. The restriction of $T_i$ on ${_i\mathbf{f}}$ is also denoted by $T_i:{_i\mathbf{f}}\rightarrow{^i\mathbf{f}}$. The geometric realization of $\mathbf{f}$ and its canonical basis are introduced by Lusztig via some semisimple complexes on the variety consisting of representations of the corresponding quiver. When the generalized Cartan matrix is symmetric, Xiao and Zhao gave geometric realizations of Lusztig's symmetries in the sense of Lusztig. In this paper, we shall generalize this result and give geometric realizations of ${_i\mathbf{f}}$, ${^i\mathbf{f}}$ and $T_i:{_i\mathbf{f}}\rightarrow{^i\mathbf{f}}$ by using the language 'quiver with automorphism' introduced by Lusztig.

In this paper, we give geometric realizations of Lusztig's symmetries. We also give projective resolutions of a kind of standard modules. By using the geometric realizations and the projective resolutions, we obtain the categorification of the formulas of Lusztig's symmetries.

We investigate a generalization of Hopf algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_{q}\left( 2\right) $ by weakening the invertibility of the generator $K$, i.e. exchanging its invertibility $KK^{-1}=1$ to the regularity $K\overline{K}K=K$. This leads to a weak Hopf algebra $w\mathfrak{sl}_{q}\left( 2\right) $ and a $J$-weak Hopf algebra $v\mathfrak{sl}_{q}\left( 2\right) $ which are studied in detail. It is shown that the monoids of group-like elements of $w\mathfrak{sl}_{q}\left( 2\right) $ and $v\mathfrak{sl}_{q}\left( 2\right) $ are regular monoids, which supports the general conjucture on the connection betweek weak Hopf algebras and regular monoids. Moreover, from $w\mathfrak{sl}_{q}\left( 2\right) $ a quasi-braided weak Hopf algebra $\overline{U}_{q}^{w}$ is constructed and it is shown that the corresponding quasi-$R$-matrix is regular $R^{w}\hat{R}^{w}R^{w}=R^{w}$.