The computation of compressible flows becomes more challenging when the Mach number has different orders of magnitude. When the Mach number is of order one, modern shock capturing methods are able to capture shocks and other complex structures with high numerical resolutions. However, if the Mach number is small, the acoustic waves lead to stiffness in time and exces-sively large numerical viscosity, thus demanding much smaller time step and mesh size than normally needed for incompressible flow simulation. In this paper, we develop an all-speed asymptotic preserving (AP) numerical scheme for the compressible isentropic Euler and Navier-Stokes equations that is uni-formly stable and accurate for all Mach numbers. Our idea is to split the system into two parts: one involves a slow, nonlinear and conservative hyper-bolic system adequate for the use of modern shock capturing methods, and the other a linear hyperbolic system which contains the stiff acoustic dynam-ics, to be solved implicitly. This implicit part is reformulated into a standard pressure Poisson projection system, and thus possesses sufficient structure for efficient fast Fourier transform solution techniques. In the zero Mach number limit, the scheme automatically becomes a projection method-like incompress-ible solver. We present numerical results in one and two dimensions in both compressible and incompressible regimes.

We propose a novel method to apply Teichmller space theory to study the signature of a family of nonintersecting closed 3D curves on a general genus zero closed surface. Our algorithm provides an efficient method to encode both global surface and local contour shape information. The signatureTeichmller shape descriptoris computed by surface Ricci flow method, which is equivalent to solving an elliptic partial differential equation on surfaces and is numerically stable. We propose to apply the new signature to analyze abnormalities in brain cortical morphometry. Experimental results with 3D MRI data from Alzheimers disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset [152 healthy control subjects versus 169 Alzheimers disease (AD) patients] demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and illustrate its potential as a novel surface-based cortical morphometry measurement in AD research.

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We establish an analytic interpretation for the index of certain transversally elliptic symbols on non-compact manifolds. By using this interpretation, we establish a geometric quantization formula for a Hamiltonian action of a compact Lie group acting on a non-compact symplectic manifold with proper moment map. In particular, we present a solution to a conjecture of Michèle Vergne in her ICM 2006 plenary lecture.