The modified Camassa-Holm (also called FORQ) equation is one of numerous <i>cousins</i> of the Camassa-Holm equation possessing non-smoth solitons (<i>peakons</i>) as special solutions. The peakon sector of solutions is not uniquely defined: in one peakon sector (dissipative^a) the Sobolev <i>H</i>¹ norm is not preserved, in the other sector (conservative), introduced in [2], the time evolution of peakons leaves the <i>H</i>¹ norm invariant. In this Letter, it is shown that the conservative peakon equations of the modified Camassa-Holm can be given an appropriate Poisson structure relative to which the equations are Hamiltonian and, in fact, Liouville integrable. The latter is proved directly by exploiting the inverse spectral techniques, especially asymptotic analysis of solutions, developed elsewhere [3].

The classical Morse theory proceeds by considering sublevel sets f^{−1}(−∞,a] of a Morse function f:M→R, where M is a smooth finite-dimensional manifold. In this paper, we study the topology of the level sets f^{−1}(a) and give conditions under which the topology of f^{−1}(a) changes when passing a critical value. We show that for a general class of functions, which includes all exhaustive Morse functions, the topology of a regular level f^{−1}(a) always changes when passing a single critical point, unless the index of the critical point is half the dimension of the manifold M. When f is a natural Hamiltonian on a cotangent bundle, we obtain more precise results in terms of the topology of the base space. (Counter-)examples and applications to celestial mechanics are also discussed.

We consider a damped/driven nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in an $n$-cube $K^{n}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\in\mathbb{N}$, under Dirichlet boundary conditions \[ u_t-\nu\Delta u+i|u|^2u=\sqrt{\nu}\eta(t,x),\quad x\in K^{n},\quad u|_{\partial K^{n}}=0, \quad \nu>0, \] where $\eta(t,x)$ is a random force that is white in time and smooth in space. It is known that the Sobolev norms of solutions satisfy $ \| u(t)\|_m^2 \le C\nu^{-m}, $ uniformy in $t\ge0$ and $\nu>0$. In this work we prove that for small $\nu>0$ and any initial data, with large probability the Sobolev norms $\|u(t,\cdot)\|_m$ of the solutions with $m>2$ become large at least to the order of $\nu^{-\kappa_{n,m}}$ with $\kappa_{n,m}>0$, on time intervals of order $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{\nu})$.

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Consider a system of periodic pendulum lattice with analytic weak coupling: i x ̈i +sinxi =−ε 􏰀 ∂xiβα(xj,xj+1,xj+2), xi =xi+N, i∈Z, j =i−2 where N 􏰃 3 is an integer, ε > 0 is a small parameter and the function βα is an analytic function of a certain form. It is shown in this paper that for small enough ε, the system admits motions such that the energy transfers between the pendulums in any predetermined order.