In this paper, by combining modular forms and characteristic forms, we obtain general anomaly cancellation formulas of any dimension. For 4 k+ 2 dimensional manifolds, our results include the gravitational anomaly cancellation formulas of Alvarez-Gaum and Witten in dimensions 2, 6 and 10 (\cite {AW}) as special cases. In dimension 4 k+ 2, we derive anomaly cancellation formulas for index gerbes. In dimension 4 k+ 2, we obtain certain results about eta invariants, which are interesting in spectral geometry.

We develop an expectation-maximization algorithm with local adaptivity for image segmentation and classification. The key idea of our approach is to combine global statistics extracted from the Gaussian mixture model or other proper statistical models with local statistics and geometrical information, such as local probability distribution, orientation, and anisotropy. The combined information is used to design an adaptive local classification strategy that improves the robustness of the algorithm and also keeps fine features in the image. The proposed methodology is flexible and can be easily generalized to deal with other inferred information/quantities and statistical methods/models.

The Boltzmann H-theorem implies that the solution to the Boltzmann equation tends to an equilibrium, that is, a Maxwellian when time tends to infinity. This has been proved in varies settings when the initial energy is finite. However, when the initial energy is infinite, the time asymptotic state is no longer described by a Maxwellian, but a self-similar solution obtained by Bobylev-Cercignani. The purpose of this paper is to rigorously justify this for the spatially homogeneous problem with Maxwellian molecule type cross section without angular cutoff.

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Recently, Kawasaki and Takahashi (J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 14:71-87, 2013) defined a broad class of nonlinear mappings, called widely more generalized hybrid, in a Hilbert space which contains generalized hybrid mappings (Kocourek <i>et al.</i> in Taiwan. J.Math. 14:2497-2511, 2010) and strict pseudo-contractive mappings (Browder and Petryshyn in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 20:197-228, 1967). They proved fixed point theorems for such mappings. In this paper, we prove fixed point theorems for widely more generalized hybrid non-self mappings in a Hilbert space by using the idea of Hojo <i>et al.</i> (Fixed Point Theory 12:113-126, 2011) and Kawasaki and Takahashi fixed point theorems (J.Nonlinear Convex Anal. 14:71-87, 2013). Using these fixed point theorems for non-self mappings, we proved the Browder and Petryshyn fixed point theorem (J.Math. Anal. Appl. 20:197-228, 1967) for strict pseudo-contractive