All orientable metric surfaces are Riemann surfaces and admit global conformal parameterizations. Riemann surface structure is a fundamental structure and governs many natural physical phenomena, such as heat diffusion and electro-magnetic fields on the surface. A good parameterization is crucial for simulation and visualization. This paper provides an explicit method for finding optimal global conformal parameterizations of arbitrary surfaces. It relies on certain holomorphic differential forms and conformal mappings from differential geometry and Riemann surface theories. Algorithms are developed to modify topology, locate zero points, and determine cohomology types of differential forms. The implementation is based on a finite dimensional optimization method. The optimal parameterization is intrinsic to the geometry, preserves angular structure, and can play an important role in various applications

We consider a family \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} of \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} -periodic Schrdinger operators with \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} -interactions supported on a lattice of closed compact surfaces; within a minimal period cell one has \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} surfaces. We show that in the limit when \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} and the interactions strengths are appropriately scaled, \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} has at most \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} gaps within finite intervals, and moreover, the limiting behavior of the first \{\mathcal {H}^arepsilon\} _ {arepsilon> 0} gaps can be completely controlled through a suitable choice of those surfaces and of the interactions strengths.

We discuss some applications of an intrinsic multipication in the space of simple loops in a surface.

Sparse coding and dictionary learning have seen their applications in many vision tasks, which usually is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. Many iterative methods have been proposed to tackle such an optimization problem. However, it remains an open problem to have a method that is not only practically fast but also is globally convergent. In this paper, we proposed a fast proximal method for solving \ell_0 norm based dictionary learning problems, and we proved that the whole sequence generated by the proposed method converges to a stationary point with sub-linear convergence rate. The benefit of having a fast and convergent dictionary learning method is demonstrated in the applications of image recovery and face recognition.

We study 2d and 3d gravity theories on spacetimes with causal (timelike or null) codimension one boundaries while allowing for variations in the position of the boundary. We construct the corresponding solution phase space and specify boundary degrees freedom by analysing boundary (surface) charges labelling them. We discuss Y and W freedoms and change of slicing in the solution space. For D dimensional case we find D + 1 surface charges, which are generic functions over the causal boundary. We show that there exist solution space slicings in which the charges are integrable. For the 3d case there exists an integrable slicing where charge algebra takes the form of Heisenberg ⊕ A3 where A3 is two copies of Virasoro at Brown-Henneaux central charge for AdS3 gravity and BMS3 for the 3d flat space gravity.

In this paper, we solve a problem of Kobayashi posed in (Complex Finsler vector bundles, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 1996) by introducing a Donaldson type functional on the space F + ( E ) of strongly pseudo-convex complex Finsler metrics on <i>E</i>a holomorphic vector bundle over a closed Khler manifold <i>M</i>. This Donaldson type functional is a generalization in the complex Finsler geometry setting of the original Donaldson functional and has FinslerEinstein metrics on <i>E</i> as its only critical points, at which this functional attains the absolute minimum.

We determine a basis of the (twisted) cocenter of graded affine Hecke algebras with arbitrary parameters. In this setting, we prove that the kernel of the (twisted) trace map is the commutator subspace (the Density theorem) and that the image is the space of good forms (the trace PaleyWiener theorem).

We determine a basis of the (twisted) cocenter of graded affine Hecke algebras with arbitrary parameters. In this setting, we prove that the kernel of the (twisted) trace map is the commutator subspace (Density theorem) and that the image is the space of good forms (trace Paley-Wiener theorem).

Local quasilikelihood estimation is a useful extension of local least squares methods, but its computational cost and algorithmic convergence problems make the procedure less appealing, particularly when it is iteratively used in methods such as the backfitting algorithm, crossvalidation and bootstrapping. A onestep local quasilikelihood estimator is introduced to overcome the computational drawbacks of the local quasilikelihood method. We demonstrate that as long as the initial estimators are reasonably good, the onestep estimator has the same asymptotic behaviour as the local quasilikelihood method. Our simulation shows that the onestep estimator performs at least as well as the local quasilikelihood method for a wide range of choices of bandwidths. A datadriven bandwidth selector is proposed for the onestep estimator based on the preasymptotic substitution method of Fan and Gijbels. It is

Value-at-risk measures the worst loss to be expected of a portfolio over a given time horizon at a given confidence level. Calculation of VaR frequently involves estimating the volatility of return processes and quantiles of standardized returns. In this paper, several semiparametric techniques are introduced to estimate the volatilities. In addition, both parametric and nonparametric techniques are proposed to estimate the quantiles of standardized return processes. The newly proposed techniques also have the flexibility to adapt automatically to the changes in the dynamics of market prices over time. The combination of newly proposed techniques for estimating volatility and standardized quantiles yields several new techniques for evaluating multiple period VaR. The performance of the newly proposed VaR estimators is evaluated and compared with some of existing methods. Our simulation results and empirical

In this paper, we will systematically study who indeed are the hard lattice cases in LLL reduction. The “hard” cases here mean for their special geometric structures, with a comparatively high “failure probability” that LLL can not solve SVP even by using a powerful relaxation factor. We define the perfect lattice as the “Beauty”, which is given by basis of vectors of the same length with the mutual angles of any two vectors to be exactly 60°. Simultaneously the “Beasts” lattice is defined as the lattice close to the Beauty lattice. There is a relatively high probability (e.g. 15.0% in 3 dimensions) that our “Beasts” bases can withstand the exact-arithmetic LLL reduction (relaxation factors δ close to 1), comparing to the probability (corresponding <0.01%) when apply same LLL on random bases from TU Darmstadt SVP Challenge. Our theoretical proof gives us a direct explanation of this phenomenon. Moreover, we give rational Beauty bases of 3 and 8 dimensions, an irrational Beauty bases of general high dimensions. We also give a general way to construct Beasts lattice bases from the Beauty ones. Experimental results show the Beasts bases derived from Beauty can withstand LLL reduction by a stable probability even for high dimensions. Our work in a way gives a simple and direct way to explain how to build a hard lattice in LLL reduction.

Local polynomial fitting has many exciting statistical properties which where established under i.i.d. setting. However, the need for nonlinea r time series modeling, constructing predictive intervals, understanding divergence of nonlinear time series requires the development of the theory of local polynomial fitting for dependent data. In this paper, we study the problem of estimating conditional mean functions and their derivatives via a local polynomial fit. The functions include conditional moments, conditional distribution as well as conditional density functions. Joint asymptotic normality for derivative estimation is established for both strongly mixing and mixing processes.

Factor modeling is an essential tool for exploring intrinsic dependence structures among high-dimensional random variables. Much progress has been made for estimating the covariance matrix from a high-dimensional factor model. However, the blessing of dimensionality has not yet been fully embraced in the literature: much of the available data are often ignored in constructing covariance matrix estimates. If our goal is to accurately estimate a covariance matrix of a set of targeted variables, shall we employ additional data, which are beyond the variables of interest, in the estimation? In this article, we provide sufficient conditions for an affirmative answer, and further quantify its gain in terms of Fisher information and convergence rate. In fact, even an oracle-like result (as if all the factors were known) can be achieved when a sufficiently large number of variables is used. The idea of using data as much as possible

We construct an index for BPS operators supported on a ray in five dimensional superconformal field theories with exceptional global symmetries. We compute the E_n representations (for n = 2, . . . , 7) of operators of low spin, thus verifying that while the expression for the index is only SO(2n − 2) × U(1) invariant, the index itself exhibits the full E_n symmetry (at least up to the order we expanded). The ray operators we studied in 5d can be viewed as generalizations of operators constructed in a Yang-Mills theory with fundamental matter by attaching an open Wilson line to a quark. For n ≤ 7, in contrast to local operators, they carry nontrivial charge under the ℤ_{9 − n}  ⊂ E_n center of the global symmetry. The representations that appear in the ray operator index are therefore different, for n ≤ 7, from those appearing in the previously computed superconformal index. For 3 ≤ n ≤ 7, we find that the leading term in the index is a character of a minuscule representation of E_n . We also discuss the case n = 8, which presents a unique technical challenge, and remains an open problem.

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We study two-dimensional conformal field theories in the semiclassical limit. In this limit, the four-point function is dominated by intermediate primaries of particular weights along with their descendants, and the crossing equations simplify drastically. For a four-point function receiving sufficiently small contributions from the light primaries, the structure constants involving heavy primaries follow a universal formula. Applying our results to the four-point function of the Z_2 twist field in the symmetric product orbifold, we produce the Hellerman bound and the logarithmically corrected Cardy formula that is valid for h ≥ c/12.

A Cardy formula for 6d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) conjectured by Di Pietro and Komargodski governs the universal behavior of the supersymmetric partition function on S^1_β×S^5 in the limit of small β and fixed squashing of the S^5. For a general 6d SCFT, we study its 5d effective action, which is dominated by the supersymmetric completions of perturbatively gauge-invariant Chern-Simons terms in the small β limit. Explicitly evaluating these supersymmetric completions gives the precise squashing dependence in the Cardy formula. For SCFTs with a pure Higgs branch (also known as very Higgsable SCFTs), we determine the Chern-Simons levels by explicitly going onto the Higgs branch and integrating out the Kaluza-Klein modes of the 6d fields on S^1_β. We then discuss tensor branch flows, where an apparent mismatch between the formula in Di Pietro-Komargodski and the free field answer requires an additional contribution from BPS strings. This "missing contribution" is further sharpened by the relation between the fractional part of the Chern-Simons levels and the (mixed) global gravitational anomalies of the 6d SCFT. We also comment on the Cardy formula for 4d N=2 SCFTs in relation to Higgs branch and Coulomb branch flows.

We revisit 't Hooft anomalies in (1+1)d non-spin quantum field theory, starting from the consistency and locality conditions, and find that consistent U(1) and gravitational anomalies cannot always be canceled by properly quantized (2+1)d classical Chern-Simons actions. On the one hand, we prove that certain exotic anomalies can only be realized by non-reflection-positive or non-compact theories; on the other hand, without insisting on reflection-positivity, the exotic anomalies present a caveat to the inflow paradigm. For the mixed U(1) gravitational anomaly, we propose an inflow mechanism involving a mixed U(1)×SO(2) classical Chern-Simons action with a boundary condition that matches the SO(2) gauge field with the (1+1)d spin connection. Furthermore, we show that this mixed anomaly gives rise to an isotopy anomaly of U(1) topological defect lines. The isotopy anomaly can be canceled by an extrinsic curvature improvement term, but at the cost of creating a periodicity anomaly. We survey the holomorphic bc ghost system which realizes all the exotic consistent anomalies, and end with comments on a subtlety regarding the anomalies of finite subgroups of U(1).

It is important to develop fast yet accurate numerical methods for seismic wave propagation to characterize complex geological structures and oil and gas reservoirs. However, the computational cost of conventional numerical modeling methods, such as finite-difference method and finite-element method, becomes prohibitively expensive when applied to very large models. We propose a Generalized Multiscale Finite-Element Method (GMsFEM) for elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous, anisotropic media, where we construct basis functions from multiple local problems for both the boundaries and interior of a coarse node support or coarse element. The application of multiscale basis functions can capture the fine scale medium property variations, and allows us to greatly reduce the degrees of freedom that are required to implement the modeling compared with conventional finite-element method for wave

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The advance of technology facilitates the collection of statistical data. Flexible and refined statistical models are widely sought in a large array of statistical problems. The question arises frequently whether or not a family of parametric or nonparametric models fit adequately the given data. In this paper we give a selective overview on nonparametric inferences using generalized likelihood ratio (<i>GLR</i>) statistics. We introduce generalized likelihood ratio statistics to test various null hypotheses against nonparametric alternatives. The trade-off between the flexibility of alternative models and the power of the statistical tests is emphasized. Well-established Wilks phenomena are discussed for a variety of semi- and non-parametric models, which sheds light on other research using <i>GLR</i> tests. Anumber of open topics worthy of further study are given in a discussion section.

We review some recent developments in Chern-Simons theory on a hyperbolic 3-manifold M with complex gauge group G. We focus on the case G=SL(N,C) and with M a knot complement. The main result presented in this note is the cluster partition function, a computational tool that uses cluster algebra techniques to evaluate the Chern-Simons path integral. We also review various applications and open questions regarding the cluster partition function and some of its relation with string theory.

We consider topological defect lines (TDLs) in two-dimensional conformal field theories. Generalizing and encompassing both global symmetries and Verlinde lines, TDLs together with their attached defect operators provide models of fusion categories without braiding. We study the crossing relations of TDLs, discuss their relation to the ’t Hooft anomaly, and use them to constrain renormalization group flows to either conformal critical points or topological quantum field theories (TQFTs). We show that if certain non-invertible TDLs are preserved along a RG flow, then the vacuum cannot be a non-degenerate gapped state. For various massive flows, we determine the infrared TQFTs completely from the consideration of TDLs together with modular invariance.

Let <i>T</i> be a compact disjointness preserving linear operator from <i>C</i>₀(<i>X</i>) into <i>C</i>₀(<i>Y</i>), where <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i> are locally compact Hausdorff spaces. We show that <i>T</i> can be represented as a norm convergent countable sum of disjoint rank one operators. More precisely, <i>T</i> = _<i>n</i> <i></i> <i>h_n</i> for a (possibly finite) sequence {<i>x_n</i> }_<i>n</i> of distinct points in <i>X</i> and a norm null sequence {<i>h_n</i> }_<i>n</i> of mutually disjoint functions in <i>C</i>₀(<i>Y</i>). Moreover, we develop a graph theoretic method to describe the spectrum of such an operator ( 2009 WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

We prove that there does not exist any weak coupling limit in the space of superconformal field theories in five and six dimensions, based on an analysis of the representation theory of the corresponding superconformal algebras. Holographically, this implies that superstring theories on AdS6 and AdS7 do not admit tensionless limits. Finally, we discuss the implications of our result on the existence of an action for coincident M5-branes.