The first author has associated in a natural way a profinite group to each irreducible subshift. The group in question was initially obtained as a maximal subgroup of a free profinite semigroup. In the case of minimal subshifts, the same group is shown in the present paper to also arise from geometric considerations involving the Rauzy graphs of the subshift. Indeed, the group is shown to be isomorphic to the inverse limit of the profinite completions of the fundamental groups of the Rauzy graphs of the subshift. A further result involving geometric arguments on Rauzy graphs is a criterion for freeness of the profinite group of a minimal subshift based on the Return Theorem of Berthé et al.

We give a detailed proof of Siu’s theorem on extendibility of holomorphic vector bundles of rank larger than one, and prove a corresponding extension theorem for holomorphic sprays. We apply this result to study ellipticity properties of complements of compact subsets in Stein manifolds. In particular we show that the complement of a closed ball in $\mathbb{C}^{n}, n \geq3$ , is not subelliptic.

We establish a parametric extension$h$-principle for overtwisted contact structures on manifolds of all dimensions, which is the direct generalization of the 3-dimensional result from [12]. It implies, in particular, that any closed manifold admits a contact structure in any given homotopy class of almost contact structures.

We prove an analogue of the Madsen–Weiss theorem for high-dimensional manifolds. In particular, we explicitly describe the ring of characteristic classes of smooth fibre bundles whose fibres are connected sums of$g$copies of$S$^{$n$}×$S$^{$n$}, in the limit $${g \to \infty}$$ . Rationally it is a polynomial ring in certain explicit generators, giving a high-dimensional analogue of Mumford’s conjecture.

In the moduli space $$ \mathcal{M} $$ _{$g$}of genus-$g$Riemann surfaces, consider the locus $$ \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} $$ of Riemann surfaces whose Jacobians have real multiplication by the order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ in a totally real number field$F$of degree$g$. If$g$= 3, we compute the closure of $$ \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} $$ in the Deligne–Mumford compactification of $$ \mathcal{M} $$ _{$g$}and the closure of the locus of eigenforms over $$ \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} $$ in the Deligne–Mumford compactification of the moduli space of holomorphic 1-forms. For higher genera, we give strong necessary conditions for a stable curve to be in the boundary of $$ \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} $$ . Boundary strata of $$ \mathcal{R}{\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{O}}} $$ are parameterized by configurations of elements of the field$F$satisfying a strong geometry of numbers type restriction.

We prove a quantitative bi-Lipschitz non-embedding theorem for the Heisenberg group with its Carnot–Carathéodory metric and apply it to give a lower bound on the integrality gap of the Goemans–Linial semidefinite relaxation of the sparsest cut problem.

By studying the heat semigroup, we prove Li-Yau type estimates for bounded and positive solutions of the heat equation on graphs, under the assumption of the curvature-dimension inequality $CDE'(n,0)$, which can be consider as a notion of curvature for graphs. Furthermore, we derive that if a graph has non-negative curvature then it has the volume doubling property, from this we can prove the Gaussian estimate for heat kernel, and then Poincar\'{e} inequality and Harnack inequality. As a consequence, we obtain that the dimension of space of harmonic functions on graphs with polynomial growth is finite, which original is a conjecture of Yau on Riemannian manifold proved by Colding and Minicozzi. Under the assumption of positive curvature on graphs, we derive the Bonnet-Myers type theorem that the diameter of graphs is finite and bounded above in terms of the positive curvature by proving some Log Sobolev inequalities.

We prove a sharp inequality for hypersurfaces in the ndimensional Anti-deSitter-Schwarzschild manifold for general $n \ge  3$. This inequality generalizes the classical Minkowski inequality [19] for surfaces in the three dimensional Euclidean space. The proof relies on a new monotonicity formula for inverse mean curvature flow, and uses a geometric inequality established in [4].

We study the space of Killing fields on the four dimensional AdS spacetime AdS 3,1 . Two subsets S and O are identified: S (the spinor Killing fields) is constructed from imaginary Killing spinors, and O (the observer Killing fields) consists of all hypersurface orthogonal, future timelike unit Killing fields. When the cosmology constant vanishes, or in the Minkowski spacetime case, these two subsets have the same convex hull in the space of Killing fields. In presence of the cosmology constant, the convex hull of O is properly contained in that of S . This leads to two different notions of energy for an asymptotically AdS spacetime, the spinor energy and the observer energy. In [10], Chru\'sciel, Maerten and Tod proved the positivity of the spinor energy and derived important consequences among the related conserved quantities. We show that the positivity of the observer energy follows from the positivity of the spinor energy. A new notion called the "rest mass" of an asymptotically AdS spacetime is then defined by minimizing the observer energy, and is shown to be evaluated in terms of the adjoint representation of the Lie algebra of Killing fields. It is proved that the rest mass has the desirable rigidity property that characterizes the AdS spacetime.

In this article, we study the small sphere limit of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy defined in [18,19]. Given a point p in a spacetime N , we consider a canonical family of surfaces approaching p along its future null cone and evaluate the limit of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy. The evaluation relies on solving an "optimal embedding equation" whose solutions represent critical points of the quasi-local energy. For a spacetime with matter fields, the scenario is similar to that of the large sphere limit found in [7]. Namely, there is a natural solution which is a local minimum, and the limit of its quasi-local energy recovers the stress-energy tensor at p . For a vacuum spacetime, the quasi-local energy vanishes to higher order and the solution of the optimal embedding equation is more complicated. Nevertheless, we are able to show that there exists a solution which is a local minimum and that the limit of its quasi-local energy is related to the Bel-Robinson tensor. Together with earlier work [7], this completes the consistency verification of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy with all classical limits.